{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:29:49Z","timestamp":1789986589412,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an emerging flavivirus in Europe and Asia, causing severe neurological disease in humans. Recent advances in serological diagnostics, in particular the detection of antibodies against the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), enable epidemiological research by differentiation of vaccine\u2010 and infection\u2010induced antibodies. This assay facilitates precise studies on TBEV seroprevalence. Our study investigates the TBEV seroprevalence in the district of Passau and the surrounding high\u2010risk areas in Lower Bavaria, Germany. A total of 1339 serum samples from voluntary blood donors were examined using a combination of IgG ELISA, NS1\u2010antibody ELISA, and micro\u2010neutralization test (NT). The results showed a TBEV\u2010specific IgG antibody prevalence of 84.8% (1135\/1339). Of these, 3.6% (41\/1135) were NS1\u2010antibody positive samples, which indicates infection\u2010related antibodies. The vaccination coverage rate was estimated at 81.2% (1094\/1339), which is in line with the results from neighboring Austria but exceeds previous vaccination estimates for Bavaria. The study showed a discrepancy between the officially reported incidences (3.7 new cases\/100\u2009000 inhabitants annually) and the actual infection rate based on NS1\u2010antibody seroprevalence (180.6 infections\/100\u2009000 inhabitants annually). The manifestation index was calculated at 2.1%, confirming that the majority of TBE infections are subclinical or asymptomatic. The results emphasize the usefulness of NS1\u2010antibody\u2010based diagnostics in the accurate assessment of TBEV prevalence and highlight the need for improved surveillance in endemic areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T10:49:32Z","timestamp":1753354172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Surveillance of Tick\u2010Borne Encephalitis Virus\u2014Comparison of Vaccination\u2010 and Infection\u2010Induced Seroprevalences in Lower Bavaria, Germany"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1370-4114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Girl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine LMU Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Praxis Prof. Borde &amp; Kollegen Oberkirch Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bavarian Red Cross Blood Donation Service (BSD) Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Dobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine LMU Center of Medicine Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes P.","family":"Borde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Praxis Prof. Borde &amp; Kollegen Oberkirch Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine II University Medical Centre Freiburg, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/21912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i5.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111240"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Alimentary Transmission of Tick\u2010Borne Encephalitis in the Czech Republic (1997\u20102008)","volume":"58","author":"Kr\u00edz B.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiologie, Mikrobiologie, 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