{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T07:17:30Z","timestamp":1763968650019,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    COVID\u201019 has worse clinical outcomes in inborn errors of immunity (IEI) patients. We aimed to determine COVID\u201019\u2010related hospitalization\/ICU admission\/mortality risk in patients with IEI. We included 62 COVID\u201019 (29 children and 33 adults) in a referral center. F\/M ratio was 0.94 with median age, 19 (8 months\u201064 years) years. 53.2% had primary antibody deficiency. Hospitalization rate was 11\/29 in children, 21\/33 in adults and 7\/11 in patients with combined immunodeficiency diseases. Myalgia was more common in adults compared to children (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.013). Inpatients have more cough compared to outpatients (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.002). D\u2010dimer and ferritin levels were higher in inpatients (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.033 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.046, respectively). Cough (OR: 6.05; [95% CI: 1.76\u201320.74],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.004) and immunoglobulin replacement therapy use in IEI (OR: 5.15; [95% CI: 1.46\u201318.11],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.010) were related to hospitalization risk. Inpatients with intensive care unit (ICU) admission had higher ferritin levels (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02). 77.4% had at least one comorbidity like pulmonary (45.2%), autoimmune (38.7%), and gastrointestinal diseases (32.3%). ICU admission was high in agammaglobulinemia (40%) and immune dyseregulation (ID) (16.6%). An LRBA deficiency patient experienced MIS\u2010C (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children) and another died. Eight patients, four in the present center, received convalescent plasma (X\u2010linked agammaglobulinemia [XLA] [\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 3], autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia [\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1], LRBA deficiency [\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1], and CTLA4 deficiency [\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1], CVID [\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1], and STAT1 deficiency [\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1]). Overall mortality was 6.5%, high in ID (16.6%), none in children. Higher D\u2010dimer and ferritin levels is associated with a higher hospitalization ratio\u2010 twice in adults compared to children. Overall mortality (6.5%) was about six times the general population with no mortality in children. A high ICU ratio in agammaglobulinemia, suggesting the importance of mucosal IgA in COVID\u201019 defense. Convalescent plasma helps shorten hospitalization period in agammaglobulinemia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T11:53:40Z","timestamp":1756295620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pediatric and Adult Inborn Errors of Immunity and COVID\u201019: A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9911-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cansu","family":"\u00d6zdemiral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saliha","family":"Esenboga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fegul","family":"Akarsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadira Nabiyeva","family":"Cevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arzu","family":"Topeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Intensive Care Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8662-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasemin","family":"Ozsurekci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilhan","family":"Tezcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Cagdas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"\u201cWHO Coronavirus (COVID\u201019) Dashboard \u201d accessed July 3 2025 https:\/\/covid19.who.int."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13746"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"CDC \u201cUnderlying Conditions and the Higher Risk for Severe COVID\u201019 \u201d2025 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/hcp\/clinical-care\/underlying-conditions.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-020-00928-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01289-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8925"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0312-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1210"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01065-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1210-2639"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13263"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13322"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.06.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01066-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.12.620"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000001062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21526575221096044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4585"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6924e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2025.2483339"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.20.265892"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00016.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01123-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.08.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01193-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3148.2002.00360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2021.1894927"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.70550","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T10:06:24Z","timestamp":1763201184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.70550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.70550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.70550","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0146-6615"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1096-9071"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70550"}}