{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:45:20Z","timestamp":1772239520252,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral replication in most people living with HIV\u20101 (PLWH). However, PLWH remain at risk of viral rebound. HIV\u20101 infection modifies the content of extracellular vesicles (EVs). The changes in microRNA content in EVs are biomarkers of immune activation and viral replication in PLWH. Moreover, viral molecules are enclosed in EVs produced from infected cells. Our objective was to assess the value of EV\u2010associated HIV\u20101 RNA as a biomarker of immune activation and viral replication in PLWH. Plasma samples were obtained from a cohort of 53 PLWH with a detectable viremia. Large and small EVs were respectively purified by plasma centrifugation at 17\u2009000\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      and by precipitation with ExoQuick. HIV\u20101 RNA and microRNAs were quantified in the EV subtypes by RT\u2010qPCR. HIV\u20101 RNA content was higher in large EVs of ART\u2010naive PLWH. Small EVs HIV\u20101 RNA was equivalent in ART\u2010naive and ART\u2010treated PLWH and positively correlated with the CD4\/CD8 T cell ratio. In ART\u2010naive PLWH, HIV\u20101 RNA content of large EVs correlated with small EV\u2010associated miR\u201029a, miR\u2010146a, and miR\u2010155, biomarkers of viral replication and immune activation. A receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that HIV\u20101 RNA in large EVs discriminated PLWH with a high CD8 T cell count. HIV\u20101 RNA in large EVs was associated with viral replication and immune activation biomarkers. Inversely, HIV\u20101 RNA in small EVs was related to immune restoration. Overall, these results suggest that HIV\u20101 RNA quantification in purified EVs could be a useful parameter to monitor HIV\u20101 infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T07:19:14Z","timestamp":1756711154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["HIV\u20101 RNA in Large and Small Plasma Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Parameter for Monitoring Immune Activation and Virological Failure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Julien","family":"Boucher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2010Universit\u00e9 Laval Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilfried 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