{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:51:26Z","timestamp":1783119086301,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    HIV\u20101 group M subtype C (HIV\u20101C) is the predominant genetic variant in southern Brazil but has been sparsely detected in other regions of the country. Our study aimed to identify HIV\u20101C transmission links across Brazil using phylogenetic reconstruction and to infer trends in geographical patterns and dissemination beyond the southern region. We retrieved 3693 HIV\u20101C (partial\n                    <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) sequences from NCBI and LANL databases and applied maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction to infer transmission clusters, using clade confidence (SH\u2010aLRT) and intracluster genetic distance as critical parameters. Our results suggest that the Southern states of Brazil have played a key role in fueling the HIV\u20101C epidemic in S\u00e3o Paulo, particularly through transmissions from Paran\u00e1 and Santa Catarina. In contrast, despite having one of the highest HIV\u20101C prevalence rates of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul exhibited a highly concentrated epidemic with limited epidemiological linkages to other states. S\u00e3o Paulo seems to be a crucial hub for HIV\u20101C dissemination, connecting the epidemic in the southern states with other regions. Central states may act as secondary hubs, facilitating connections between the southeastern and northeastern regions. This study enhances the understanding of the geographical dynamics and expansion patterns of HIV\u20101C in Brazil, emphasizing the significance of regional epidemiological connections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T07:46:20Z","timestamp":1756453580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["South\u2010to\u2010Southeast Expansion of HIV\u20101 Subtype C in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Polita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Bioqu\u00edmica Toxicol\u00f3gica (PPGBTox), Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioinform\u00e1tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o Viral Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laise","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falc\u00e3o Candeal Bahia Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Pra\u00e7a Ramos de Queir\u00f3s, s\/n, Largo do Terreiro de Jesus Salvador Bahia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5849-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Giovanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health Universita Campus Bio\u2010Medico di Roma Rome Lazio Italy"},{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe Ferreira de Almeida","family":"Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Avenida Dom Jo\u00e3o VI Brotas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0233-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falc\u00e3o Candeal Bahia Brazil"},{"name":"Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Avenida Dom Jo\u00e3o VI Brotas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0261-3495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciane Amorim","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falc\u00e3o Candeal Bahia Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Pra\u00e7a Ramos de Queir\u00f3s, s\/n, Largo do Terreiro de Jesus Salvador Bahia Brazil"},{"name":"Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Avenida Dom Jo\u00e3o VI Brotas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Khouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falc\u00e3o Candeal Bahia Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Pra\u00e7a Ramos de Queir\u00f3s, s\/n, Largo do Terreiro de Jesus Salvador Bahia Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. 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