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Therefore, a universal influenza vaccine with conserved antigens and novel adjuvants is urgently required. Mucosal immunity is the first line of defense against viral infections; however, proven mucosal adjuvants are lacking. Therefore, we developed an intranasal Mini\u2010HA subunit vaccine combined with the CTA1\u2010DD adjuvant, which elicited robust mucosal and systemic immune responses in the lungs and spleens of mice, including antigen\u2010specific IgA, IgG, and effector T cells. Furthermore, the Mini\u2010HA subunit vaccine provided the mice with cross\u2010protection against H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses. These results indicate that combining the Mini\u2010HA antigen and mucosal adjuvant CTA1\u2010DD is a promising strategy for developing broad\u2010spectrum influenza vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T10:42:52Z","timestamp":1758624172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel Mini\u2010Hemagglutinin Subunit Vaccine Induces Robust Mucosal and Systemic Immunity and Protection Against a Lethal Challenge With the H1N1 and H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Tangqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commissions, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 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