{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T03:29:02Z","timestamp":1787887742924,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To elucidate the evolutionary dynamics of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (HPIV1), we obtained 78 Chinese HPIV1 hemagglutinin\u2010neuraminidase (HN) gene sequences between 2011 and 2017\u20132023 and generated two databases: global (482 sequences, 1956\u20132023) and Chinese HPIV1 (122 sequences, 2011\u20132023). Our results showed that global HPIV1 circulating since the 1990s could be classified into five genotypes (A, B, C, D, and E) using a genetic distance threshold of 0.02. Among these, genotypes B and C were predominantly prevalent worldwide, including in China, whereas genotype D showed distinct spatial clustering (mainly in China) and was believed to undergo relatively rapid transmission and evolution. We also confirmed the conserved nature of HPIV1 over the last six decades, with an overall evolutionary rate of 9.41\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n                    substitutions\/site\/year. Additionally, genotype\u2010specific amino acid substitutions and potential N\u2010glycosylation sites in HN were identified. These findings provide insights into the genetic characteristics of HPIV1.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T11:30:47Z","timestamp":1760009447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 Based on the Hemagglutinin\u2010Neuraminidase Gene"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Yitong","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles\/Rubella Laboratory Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 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