{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:45:47Z","timestamp":1791945947566,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Enteroviruses (EVs) and Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single\u2010stranded RNA viruses known for their high pathogenicity and significant threat to public health worldwide. These viruses cause widespread respiratory illnesses in humans, resulting in considerable rates of sickness and death, which strain medical resources and healthcare systems. Beyond human health, their capacity to infect livestock leads to economic damages that affect food supply and the livelihoods of farming communities. Viral proteases, EV 3C protease (3C\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and CoV 3C\u2010like protease (3CL\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) are essential for viral polyprotein processing and replication, making them key antiviral targets. We show that moringin, isothiocyanate derived from\n                    <jats:italic>Moringa oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    , broadly inhibits both 3C\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 3CL\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    activities in fluorescence assays. LC\u2010MS\/MS and structural modeling reveal hydrogen\u2010bond interactions of moringin within their catalytic sites, reducing enzymatic activity. Biolayer interferometry confirms higher binding affinity to active versus inactive proteases. Plaque reduction assays demonstrate moringin's efficacy in suppressing EV and CoV replication in cells. These results highlight moringin's potential as a broad\u2010spectrum antiviral agent targeting conserved viral proteases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T12:08:27Z","timestamp":1762344507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Moringin as a Lead Compound for Anti\u2010Enteroviruses and Coronaviruses Broad\u2010Spectrum Inhibition of Viral Proteases: Comparative Evaluation With Glucomoringin and Antiviral Agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7598-8581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu\u2010Hau","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections Chang Gung University Taoyuan City 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