{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:36:14Z","timestamp":1792701374029,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by lifelong \u03b2\u2010human papillomavirus (\u03b2\u2010HPV) persistence, extensive flat warts, and increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. While\n                    <jats:italic>TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations are recognized as genetic drivers, innate immune mechanisms contributing to HPV persistence remain incompletely defined. This study quantified the expression of Toll\u2010like receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, 5, and 9 in normal skin and flat warts from patients with EV and immunocompetent individuals without EV (NEV). We performed immunohistochemical analysis on 135 formalin\u2010fixed, paraffin\u2010embedded specimens using standardized digital morphometry of epidermal keratinocytes. EV patients exhibited significantly reduced TLR3 and TLR9 expression in both normal skin and flat warts relative to controls, whereas TLR4 and TLR5 levels were comparable. Notably, flat warts from NEV individuals showed marked TLR3 upregulation relative to matched normal skin, whereas this response was absent in EV patients. These findings are consistent with an EV\u2010associated epithelial innate\u2010sensing phenotype. Our data suggest innate immune deficiencies may interact with previously described keratinocyte abnormalities, amplifying local immune dysfunction. These findings provide a framework for investigating TLR\u2010based therapeutic approaches in EV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T11:09:19Z","timestamp":1762772959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reduced TLR3 and TLR9 Expression in Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis: Evidence From a Comparative Skin Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1140-3046","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Luis Alberto Ribeiro","family":"Fr\u00f3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2757-7698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cibele 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