{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:45:57Z","timestamp":1791945957212,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The immunopathogenesis of KFDV is not well understood. The study's primary objective was to investigate the magnitude and dynamics of cytokine and cellular immune responses during the acute and convalescent phases of KFDV infection in humans. Additionally, the study aimed to identify potential biomarkers that could indicate severe KFD and help predict disease prognosis. In this study, KFDV\u2010positive patients were prospectively enrolled, and peripheral blood samples were collected and analyzed for cellular and cytokine levels, along with the clinical and virological characteristics. Our findings revealed distinctive cytokine profiles differentiating severe from mild KFD during the acute phase of illness. Serum levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3, IP\u201010, MCP\u20101, HGF, and IL\u20102R were markedly elevated in severe KFD. Also, the frequency of activated B cells (CD20lowCD71high) and expression of exhaustion markers (PD\u20101, CTLA\u20104) on CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells was significantly increased in severe cases. The study also describes the persistence of elevated cytokines during the convalescent phase, indicating that prolonged inflammation may be due to dysregulated immune response characterized by sustained T cell activation, cytotoxic activity (Granzyme B, Perforin), and elevated exhaustion markers (PD\u20101, CTLA\u20104), particularly in patients with severe KFD. This novel work has important implications for KFDV vaccine research and may aid clinical decision\u2010making in treating severe KFDV infections in humans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T14:21:26Z","timestamp":1762870886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temporal Dynamics of the Immune Response in Severe Cases of Human Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV) Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9420-1393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naren Babu","family":"N","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Virology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9687-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitin","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1562-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrita","family":"Pattanaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Virology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0402-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiranjay","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Virology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7994-4017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santhosha","family":"Devadiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Virology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Virological Aspects of Kyasanur Forest Disease","volume":"31","author":"Work T. H.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"\u201cKyasanur Forest Disease: A Compendium of Scientific Literature \u201d Department of Health & Family Welfare Services Government of Karnataka 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_688_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.Supplement_4.S854"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0177-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2021.104735"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","article-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostic Features of Kyasanur Forest Disease: A Study From Wayanad, South India","volume":"13","author":"Gladson V.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trac018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67599-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Circulating Interferon\u2010Alpha in Patients With Kyasanur Forest Disease","volume":"93","author":"Sathe P. 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