{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:22:42Z","timestamp":1792282962869,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>In Hamburg, Northern Germany, no locally acquired human Tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) or West Nile Virus (WNV) infections have been recorded as of to date. Since 2018, several WNV infections have been diagnosed in birds\/horses. As a majority of TBEV and WNV infections are asymptomatic, diagnoses may be missed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Our objectives were to investigate TBEV\u2010 and WNV\u2010antibody prevalence and TBE\u2010protection rates through vaccination in Hamburg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>In May 2023, we conducted a TBEV\u2010 and WNV\u2010seroprevalence study in 1,321 blood donors at a large donation service; additionally, the percentage of TBE vaccination\u2010induced seroprotection rates were assessed. Laboratory analyses were conducted at the National TBEV Consultant Laboratory. Geographical patterns of TBEV and WNV infections in humans and WNV infections in birds\/horses were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>The median age of donors was 43 years (IQR 32\u201056), 59% were male. TBEV\u2010prevalence was 0.30%. In 24% of blood donors, we detected TBEV\u2010vaccination\u2010induced antibodies; WNV\u2010seroprevalence was 0.30%. No geographical pattern or proximity between TBEV infections was observed. Three human WNV\u2010infections were detected in individuals living in relative proximity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>In the non\u2010endemic area Hamburg, a low TBEV and WNV\u2010prevalence could be detected in blood donors. For the first time, TBEV vaccination rates in this non\u2010TBEV\u2010risk area were assessed. Due to the healthy donor effect, vaccination rates may be overestimated. Despite the low seroprevalence of TBEV and WNV in our study, they highlight the need for continuous disease surveillance and local physicians should be aware of possible TBEV and WNV infections, especially in patients with neurological symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T14:41:46Z","timestamp":1763736106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tick\u2010Borne Encephalitis and West Nile Virus Antibody Prevalence in the City of Hamburg, a Flavivirus Non\u2010Risk\/Low\u2010Risk Area"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Silja","family":"B\u00fchler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases Institute for Hygiene and Environment Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Nie\u00dfen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood donation service Zentralinstitut f\u00fcr Transfusionsmedizin gemeinn\u00fctzige GmbH (ZIT) Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Dobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr Institute for Microbiology\/National TBEV Consultant Laboratory  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Organization WH. Tick\u2010borne encephalitishttps:\/\/www.who.int\/health\u2010topics\/tick\u2010borne\u2010encephalitis#tab=tab_1."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institut. Survstat query on 18th of June2024. Annual TBE notifications in Germany (2001\u20132024).2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institut. Epidemiologisches Bulletin 49\/22. Impfquoten bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland \u2013 Aktuelles aus der KV\u2010Impfsurveillance. Tabelle 1. Berlin.2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9121005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institut. Epidemiologisches Bulletin 22\/2023. Saison stechm\u00fccken\u00fcbertragener Krankheitserreger beginnt.2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2023.28.48.2300258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Beh\u00f6rde f\u00fcr Justiz und Verbraucherschutz der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg. West\u2010Nil\u2010Virus erstmals bei einem Pferd in Hamburg nachgewiesen.2022[updated 2. September 2022.https:\/\/www.hamburg.de\/tierschutz\u2010tiergesundheit\/16465526\/west\u2010nil\u2010virus\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut. TierSeuchenInformationsSystem [updated 6 June2025.https:\/\/tsis.fli.de\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.4294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01783\u201019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (Mammals Birds and Bees). 7th ed. Paris.2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2023.28.12.2200408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19138182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institut. Epidemiologisches Bulletin 48\/2022. Impfquoten von Kinderschutzimpfungen in Deutschland.2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11030522"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70109"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.70701","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.70701","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.70701","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:20:33Z","timestamp":1791944433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.70701"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.70701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.70701","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70701"}}