{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T08:03:34Z","timestamp":1771315414822,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Varicella\u2010zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella in children, establishes lifelong latency and reactivates to cause herpes zoster later in life. Implementation of routine varicella vaccination in Japan since 2014 has reduced varicella cases, however, breakthrough varicella still occurs. This study aimed to clarify the current distribution of VZV clade among pediatric varicella patients and adults with VZV\u2010associated central nervous system (CNS) infections in Japan. Skin swabs were collected from varicella patients (&lt;\u200915 years) in Aichi Prefecture (September 2015\u2013August 2017). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained from adult patients (&gt;\u200915 years) with VZV\u2010associated CNS infections (November 2014\u2013June 2023). VZV DNA was detected by PCR, and its clade was determined by sequencing open reading frame (ORF) 22 and ORF37 regions. Wild\u2010type and Oka vaccine strains were distinguished by loop\u2010mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method. Of 124 pediatric swab samples and 62 adult CSF samples 94.4% belonged to clade 2 and 4.8% clade 1. No clade 1 samples were detected in CSF samples. No vaccine strain was detected. Clinical characteristics did not differ significantly among clades. Clade 2 VZV predominates in both pediatric varicella and adult VZV\u2010related CNS infections in Japan with sporadic clade 1 varicella cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T09:06:19Z","timestamp":1764752779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Varicella\u2010Zoster Virus Clades Circulating Among Children With Varicella and Adults With Central Nervous System Infection in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1794-9736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Higashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences Toyoake Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Fujita Health University Hospital Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Toyokawa City Hospital Toyokawa Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3942-7098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center Okazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamaki","family":"Kurauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Fujita Health University Hospital Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misaki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Fujita Health University Hospital Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayano","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1612-7060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Ihira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science for Biological Monitoring Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Sadaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virus Persistence &amp; Dynamics, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Research Promotion Headquarters Fujita Health University Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010Ichi","family":"Kawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2847-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsushi","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90144-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of Varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"56","author":"Marin M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR. 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