{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:21:36Z","timestamp":1788232896657,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes mild and self\u2010limiting disease in adults. However, the risk factors for serious adverse outcomes following hMPV infection in adult patients without preexisting chronic airway diseases remain poorly understood. We conducted a territory\u2010wide retrospective study on adult patients (aged \u2265\u200918 years) without chronic airway diseases hospitalized for hMPV infections between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2023 in Hong Kong. We assessed the incidence and risk factors for in\u2010patient mortality, severe respiratory failure (SRF), secondary bacterial pneumonia and acute kidney injury (AKI) were assessed. A total of 1552 eligible adult patients without chronic airway diseases hospitalized for hMPV infections were analyzed. Within the index admission, 92 (5.9%) patients died. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) was associated with increased risks of SRF [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.00 (95% CI 1.48\u20132.71),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001]. IHD, heart failure (HF), and history of ischemic stroke were significant predictors for AKI [aOR 1.51 (95% CI 1.12\u20132.04), 2.87 (95% CI 2.14\u20133.85), and 1.47 (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.12\u20131.93),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.007, &lt;\u20090.001, and 0.005, respectively). Patients with end\u2010stage kidney disease (ESKD) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) were at increased risk of in\u2010patient mortality [aOR 6.36 (95% CI 2.34\u201317.26),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001] and SRF [aOR 8.80 (95% CI 3.84\u201320.16),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001]. The presence of cardiovascular diseases and ESKD requiring RRT is a strong predictor of severe in\u2010hospital outcomes among adult patients without chronic airway diseases who are hospitalized for hMPV infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:31:03Z","timestamp":1769686263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cardio\u2013Renal Diseases Are Independent Risk Factors of Severe Human Metapneumovirus Infection Among Patients Without Chronic Airway Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5611-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wang Chun","family":"Kwok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac Sze Him","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong\u00a0Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun Ka Emmanuel","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Chung Man","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Chi Leung","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Sau Man","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuk Man","family":"Ngai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1921-5824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin Kai Wang","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desmond Yat Hin","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong  Hong 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