{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T03:12:24Z","timestamp":1788145944844,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003785","name":"Guangdong Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Since the initial recommendations for universal infant hepatitis B vaccination in the United States, vaccination coverage has increased significantly. However, a trend of declining antibody levels has been observed among early vaccinees. This study aims to investigate hepatitis B vaccination coverage and vaccine\u2010associated immunity among US\u2010born children and adolescents. We used data from the 2017\u20132020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to include US\u2010born participants aged 2 to 18 years who had complete hepatitis B serological data and vaccination history. We determined the prevalence of completing the hepatitis B vaccination series and the prevalence of vaccine\u2010associated immunity. A total of 2,852 US\u2010born children and adolescents were included in the study, achieving a complete hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate of 83.9% (95% CI: 81.5%\u201386.3%). Among the 2,317 individuals who had complete hepatitis B vaccination series, the vaccine\u2010related immunity rate was 35.2% (95% CI: 32.5%\u201337.8%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age group, race\/ethnicity, family income to poverty ratio, and hepatitis A antibody as significant factors associated with complete vaccination coverage (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, the hepatitis B surface antibody levels decreased with age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among US\u2010born children and adolescents declined during the 2017\u20132020 period. Targeted vaccination efforts in underserved populations may help improve vaccination coverage. Future continuous monitoring of trends in both vaccination and seropositivity rates is needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:56:06Z","timestamp":1771664166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage and Vaccine\u2010Associated Immunity Among US\u2010Born Children and Adolescents: NHANES 2017\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Yihao","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongchun","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Putuo District Health Inspecting Agency)  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhequan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Agins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HEALTHQUAL, Institute for Global Health Sciences University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou PR China"},{"name":"Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"WHO Publishes New Guidelines on Hepatitis B accessed April 26 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/29-03-2024-who-publishes-updated-guidelines-on-hepatitis-b."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31782"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"Global Health Sector Strategies on HIV Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections for the Period 2022\u20102030 accessed April 26 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240053779."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6701a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Health United States 2020\u20102021: Table Vaxch. Hyattsville MD. 2020\u20102021 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/hus\/data-finder.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2016.06.006"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"CDC Guidance for Evaluating Health\u2010Care Personnel for Hepatitis B Virus Protection and for Administering Postexposure Management","volume":"62","author":"Schillie S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR. Recommendations and Reports: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.22388"},{"issue":"158","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","article-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017\u2010March 2020 Prepandemic Data Files\u2010Development of Files and Prevalence Estimates for Selected Health Outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Stierman B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"National Health Statistics Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"Combating Hepatitis B and C to Reach Elimination by 2030 accessed April 26 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/combating-hepatitis-b-and-c-to-reach-elimination-by-2030."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"NHANES Survey Methods and Analytic Guidelines accessed April 26 2025 https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/analyticguidelines.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Laboratory Procedure Manual Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (anti\u2010HBs). 2019 (Revised: August 2022). Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV\/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention; 2019 accessed January 15 2026 https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhanes\/public\/2019\/labmethods\/HEPB-S-K-HEPATITIS%20B%20SURFACE%20ANTIBODY-508.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1427277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"Laboratory Procedure Manual Hepatitis A Antibody. 2019. Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV\/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention; 2019 accessed January 15 2026 https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhanes\/public\/2019\/labmethods\/HEPA-K-HEPATITIS%20A%20ANTIBODY-508.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.21476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6504a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7041a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6640a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7331a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001844"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2024.2362882"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/653622"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Seroprotection After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Children Aged 1 to 15 Years in Central Province of Iran, Semnan","volume":"55","author":"Rezaei M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/606119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1130195"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2012.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1250990"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","unstructured":"Guidelines for the Prevention Diagnosis Care and Treatment for People with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. World Health Organization; 2024 accessed January 16 2026 http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK614989\/."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.70848","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.70848","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.70848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:40:56Z","timestamp":1785519656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.70848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.70848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.70848","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70848"}}