{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:43:12Z","timestamp":1790934192674,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Following rotavirus vaccine implementation in Vietnam, norovirus has gradually become equally an important as a cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children as rotavirus. This study aimed to investigate the genotype distribution and compare clinical manifestations of norovirus of children &lt;\u20095 years of age hospitalized with AGE from 2016 to 2021. Of 6,718 specimens collected through active surveillance from 12\/2016 to 05\/2021, 2,317 (34.5%) were randomly selected for norovirus testing. Among the 477 (20.6%) norovirus\u2010positive specimens identified from the previous surveillance, 390 (81.8%) were successfully genotyped for both partial RdRp and VP1 genes using online typing tools and 47 were selected for whole\u2010genome sequencing. Overall, norovirus genogroup\u2010II (GII) viruses dominated (97.3%) followed by GI (2.5%) and dual GI\/GII infections (0.2%), with GII.4Sydney[P16] as the predominant genotype (51.5%) followed by GII.3[P12] (23.9%). Children infected with GII.4Sydney more commonly presented with thirst (65.8% vs 53.7%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and showed a trend toward higher rates of sunken eyes compared with other genotypes (48.1% vs 38.1%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.053). A shift in predominant strain from GII.4Sydney[P31] viruses (50.8%) in 2016\u20132017 to GII.4\u2010Sydney[P16] (51.9%\u201368.9% in 2018\u20132021) was observed. Two cases in 2017 were typed as GII.4Hong Kong[P31]. Compared to GII.4 Sydney[P31], GII.4Hong Kong had 12 amino acid substitutions in the P1\u2013P2 domains. This study highlights the evolving genetic diversity of norovirus genotypes in Vietnam. The shift of the predominant strain from GII.4Sydney[P31] to GII.4Sydney[P16] in 2018 and detection of GII.4 Hong Kong[P31] in 2017 emphasizes the need for continuous molecular surveillance to inform public health prevention strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T10:10:32Z","timestamp":1774087832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical, Molecular and Evolutionary Characterization of Noroviruses in Hospitalized Children With Acute Gastroenteritis in Vietnam, 2016 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Le T. K.","family":"Ly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6782-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen Hai","family":"Doan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu T. N.","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Takemae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Kageyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoichiro","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"National Institute of Health Sciences Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umesh D.","family":"Parashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline E.","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0993-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen V.","family":"Trang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-009548"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00151-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12674"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.905172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105259"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000417"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4360-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104703"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15112164"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001318"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"Antigenic cartography reveals complexities. \u201c Of Genetic Determinants That Lead to Antigenic Differences Among Pandemic GII.4 noroviruses | PNAS [Internet]. 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