{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T13:08:58Z","timestamp":1779368938350,"version":"3.53.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Data on the clinical impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co\u2010infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) from the Middle East are limited. This ambidirectional cohort study at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital included 702 Omani adults with chronic HCV (2009\u20132017), followed through November 2024, to assess prevalence and outcomes of HBV exposure (HBsAg\u2010negative\/HBcAb\u2010positive,reflecting possible occult infection) and HIV co\u2010infection. Overall, 32.3% hadHBV exposure, 4.1% were HBsAg\u2010positive, and 1.7% HIV\u2010positive. Predictors of HBV exposure included older age (aOR: 0.34;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), HIV co\u2010infection (aOR: 6.23;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.009), intravenous drug use (aOR: 1.58;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.041), and cirrhosis (aOR: 1.46; p = 0.049). HBV\u2010exposed patients demonstrated significantly higher rates of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality, with lower 10\u2010 and 15\u2010year survival (68.3% and 67.6%, respectively) compared to non\u2010exposed patients (78.9% and 76.6%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.036). In conclusion, HBV exposure is highly prevalent among Omani chronic HCV patients and independently associates with advanced liver disease and reduced long\u2010term survival. These findings underscore the critical need for routine HBV screening and enhanced hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in this population to improve clinical outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T12:59:06Z","timestamp":1775653146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Hepatitis B Exposure and\/or HIV Co\u2010Infection on Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients in Oman: An Ambidirectional Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Halima H.","family":"Al\u2010Shuaili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medical City of Military and Security Services Muscat Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2741-0440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said A.","family":"Al\u2010Busafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical Research Center Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suad S.","family":"Al Busafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Royal Hospital Muscat Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakariya Al","family":"Naamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical Research Center Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blaqees Al","family":"Kahhali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Residency Program Oman Medical Specialty Board Muscat Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Al","family":"Naamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medical City of Military and Security Services Muscat Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102893.2011.01499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","unstructured":"\u201cGlobal Progress Report on HIV Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections \u201d published 2021 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240027077."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(21)00472\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","unstructured":"\u201cHepatitis C \u201d accessed May 4 2024 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/hepatitis\u2010c."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(16)31018\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(23)00197\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.sjg_201_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2021.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071504"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2021.27.9.941"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(22)00201\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i12.1558"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21284"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24257"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","first-page":"2563","article-title":"Immunosuppression May Lead to Progression of Hepatitis C Virus\u2010Associated Liver Disease in Hemophiliacs Coinfected With HIV","volume":"91","author":"Rockstroh J. 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