{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:00:56Z","timestamp":1791381656259,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    COVID\u201019 vaccine uptake remains low in several parts of Ghana. Therefore, this study assessed prior exposure to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 by detecting immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies among unvaccinated adults in the Wassa Amenfi East District, and examined socio\u2010demographic determinants of vaccine hesitancy and potential motivators for future vaccine acceptance. This cross\u2010sectional study was conducted at Bethany Memorial Hospital, Wassa Akropong, Ghana, where unvaccinated adults aged \u2265\u200918 years were randomly selected. Blood samples were tested for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG and IgM antibodies, and a structured questionnaire captured demographic characteristics, reasons for vaccine refusal, and factors influencing future acceptance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi\u2010square or Fisher's exact tests, with statistical significance set at\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05. Seroprevalence rates for IgG, IgM, and combined IgG\/IgM were 85% (142\/166), 9.0% (15\/166), and 7.8% (13\/166), respectively. Antibody prevalence did not differ significantly by age, gender, or pregnancy status. Gender\u2010specific patterns of hesitancy were observed: females more frequently reported fears of side effects, infertility, and pregnancy\u2010related concerns, whereas males more commonly cited reduced productivity, impotence, and a perceived lack of need for vaccination (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Older adults were more likely to doubt vaccine efficacy, while younger adults reported fertility\u2010related fears. Across all groups, credible evidence of vaccine safety and efficacy emerged as the strongest motivators for future acceptance. These findings indicate widespread prior exposure to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 among unvaccinated adults and highlight the need for gender\u2010responsive, evidence\u2010based community engagement to address vaccine hesitancy in low\u2010coverage settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T10:47:27Z","timestamp":1778150847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Antibody Seroprevalence Amid COVID\u201019 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Unvaccinated Adults in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6489-167X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enoch","family":"Aninagyei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Volta Region Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reuben","family":"Ayivor\u2010Djanie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Volta Region Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Comfort Addo","family":"Boatey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Cape Coast  Central Region Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abudu Abdul","family":"Mateen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Volta Region Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Ansah","family":"Awuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Volta Region Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9620-6374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adjoa Agyemang","family":"Boakye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Volta Region Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17111521"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"WHO. 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