{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:00:55Z","timestamp":1791381655908,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8887.892875\/2023\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8887.892875\/2023\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\/20061\u20109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/20061\u20109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\/20055\u20109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/20055\u20109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305906\/2024\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305906\/2024\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Indigenous populations in Brazil were prioritized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) vaccination due to their increased vulnerability. The aim of the study was to describe COVID\u201019 vaccination coverage among Indigenous population across Brazilian regions and Special Indigenous Health Districts (DSEIs; acronym for\n                    <jats:italic>Distritos Sanit\u00e1rios Especiais Ind\u00edgenas<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). A retrospective study was conducted using data from January 17, 2021, to June 27, 2024, obtained from the open\u2010access COVID\u201019 vaccination database made available by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, covering the 4\u2010year period of the pandemic. The dataset included information on the Indigenous population (number of inhabitants), as well as the number and type of vaccine doses administered (first dose, second dose, single dose, and booster dose). Second dose refers to vaccines requiring a two\u2010dose primary schedule, whereas single\u2010dose refers to vaccines administered as a single primary dose; booster dose refers to any additional dose given after completion of the primary vaccination schedule and, according to the database, was restricted to individuals aged \u2265\u200918 years. Vaccination coverage was calculated by dividing the number of doses administered by the total Indigenous population, based on estimated from the 2022 Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE; acronym for\n                    <jats:italic>Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) Census, and multiplying by 100. The data was analyzed and presented according to Brazil's federative units (states and the Federal District) and DSEIs. A total of 1\u2009490\u2009036 COVID\u201019 vaccine doses were administered to the Indigenous population. Of these, 631 990 (42%) corresponded to first doses, 551\u2009602 (27%) to second or single doses, and 306\u2009444 (21%) to booster doses. These doses corresponded to vaccination coverage of 89%, 78%, and 43% of the Indigenous population (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009707\u2009739), respectively. Across the 27 federative units, the lowest coverage for the first dose was observed in Tocantins (83%), Roraima (74%), and Par\u00e1 (73%), while for second or single doses the lowest rates were found in Amap\u00e1 (63%), Roraima (60%), and Par\u00e1 (58%). Among the 34 DSEIs, 13 (38.2%) did not reach 90% coverage for the first dose, and 21 (61.8%) did not reach this threshold for the second or single doses. The lowest coverage levels were identified in Araguaia (65% and 44%), Rio Tapaj\u00f3s (59% and 40%), and Kaiap\u00f3 do Par\u00e1 (56% and 34%) for first and second or single doses, respectively. Vaccination coverage against COVID\u201019 among Brazil's Indigenous population has not fully reached the 90% target recommended by the Brazilian government in alignment with the World Health Organization after 4 years of the pandemic. This gap may be explained by multiple factors, including cultural barriers, remote geographic conditions, and logistical challenges related to vaccine distribution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:33:03Z","timestamp":1779103983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vaccination Coverage Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) in Brazil's Indigenous Population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4398-9245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nath\u00e1lia Mariana Santos","family":"Sansone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Data Science S\u00e3o Francisco University (USF; acronym for <i>Universidade S\u00e3o Francisco<\/i>) Bragan\u00e7a Paulista S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Data Science S\u00e3o Francisco University (USF; acronym for <i>Universidade S\u00e3o Francisco<\/i>) Bragan\u00e7a Paulista S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"LunGuardian Research Group \u2013 Epidemiology of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Postgraduate Program in Health Data Science Bragan\u00e7a Paulista S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8179-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia Teixeira","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Data Science S\u00e3o Francisco University (USF; acronym for <i>Universidade S\u00e3o Francisco<\/i>) Bragan\u00e7a Paulista S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Data Science S\u00e3o Francisco University (USF; acronym for <i>Universidade S\u00e3o Francisco<\/i>) Bragan\u00e7a Paulista S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"LunGuardian Research Group \u2013 Epidemiology of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Postgraduate Program in Health Data Science Bragan\u00e7a Paulista S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9920-5058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Silva","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Data Science S\u00e3o Francisco University (USF; acronym for <i>Universidade S\u00e3o Francisco<\/i>) Bragan\u00e7a Paulista S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Data Science S\u00e3o Francisco University (USF; acronym for <i>Universidade S\u00e3o Francisco<\/i>) Bragan\u00e7a Paulista S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"LunGuardian Research Group \u2013 Epidemiology of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Postgraduate Program in Health Data Science Bragan\u00e7a Paulista S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5494-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Felipe Azevedo","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Data Science S\u00e3o Francisco University (USF; 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