{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:01:01Z","timestamp":1791381661029,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a substantial global health threat. Most individuals have been infected with RSV at least once prior to vaccination, resulting in the presence of pre\u2010existing antibodies. In this study, Balb\/C mice were either pre\u2011exposed or non\u2010pre\u2010exposed to RSV on day 0, followed by a two\u2010dose regimen of an RSV subunit vaccine on days 28 and 56. Two prefusion RSV F proteins (Pre\u2010F\u20101 and Pre\u2010F\u20102) were designed as vaccine antigens, formulated with Alum\u2009+\u2009CpG adjuvant to promote a Th1\u2010biased response. Results showed that once pre\u2010exposed to RSV (PC group), a robust immune activation was induced in the mice. Compared with the non\u2010pre\u2010exposed control (nPC group), the PC group exhibited a continued rise of postfusion\u2010F (post\u2010F)\u2010specific IgG binding titers and neutralizing antibody (nAbs) against RSV A2 over 77 days, leading to a reduced lung viral load upon rechallenge. However, the PC group also showed greater weight loss and higher lung histopathological scores (HPS). In pre\u2010exposed mice, a single vaccine dose steadily increased both binding titers and nAbs, while a two\u2010dose regimen reversed the post\u2010F\/pre\u2010F ratio and slightly lowered pulmonary viral load. In non\u2010pre\u2010exposed mice, two\u2010doses of vaccination increased binding titers and nAbs, reduced weight loss, and significantly decreased lung viral load. This study highlights the importance of prior RSV infection status in designing and clinically translating adjuvanted subunit RSV vaccines. Our results indicate that in pre\u2010exposed Balb\/C mice, high preexisting post\u2010F titers can affect subsequent vaccine immune responses and protective efficacy. This study also demonstrates that the immunological background of whether mice have been pre\u2010exposed with RSV can significantly influence the evaluation of RSV subunit vaccine immunogenicity and protective efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T13:37:38Z","timestamp":1778765858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluate of the protective effect of an RSV Pre\u2010F\/Alum +CpG subunit vaccine in Balb\/C mice with and without RSV prexposure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Luan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Kunming 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