{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:47:52Z","timestamp":1782467272151,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    There may be a risk of transmitting Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) through blood transfusions, however screening blood donors for HEV is not mandatory in Austria. We assessed the seroprevalence of anti\u2013HEV antibodies among blood donors, thereby informing about the risk of HEV\u2010contaminated blood products. Between May and July 2022, we enrolled 4867 blood donors aged 18\u201370 years at 38 donation events spread across the Federal State of Tyrol, Austria. We measured anti\u2013HEV IgG and IgM antibodies using five validated assays, based on which overall anti\u2013HEV seropositivity was defined. We determined seroprevalences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and calculated odds ratios for seropositivity using logistic regression. Median age of participants was 45.99 years (25th\u201375th percentile: 31.49\u201355.80); 41.15% were female, and 75.82% lived in rural areas. Anti\u2013HEV IgM was detected in 13 individuals, i.e. 0.27% (95% CI: 0.16\u20130.47%). Anti\u2013HEV IgG seroprevalence was 19.26% (18.17\u201320.40%) overall. It was higher in older blood donors \u2013 peaking in the 65\u201370\u2013year age group (47.92%) \u2013, higher in males (20.70%) than females (17.20%) and higher in urban (21.28%) compared to rural areas (18.61%). Multivariable adjusted odds ratios for IgG seropositivity were 1.19 for male sex (1.01\u20131.39;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.033), 2.15 per 10\u2013year older age (2.00\u20132.30;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and 1.21 for residing in an urban area (1.02\u20131.45;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.030). Our findings indicate that HEV is widespread in Austria. Implementation of mandatory routine HEV nucleic acid testing should be considered in blood donations to enhance transfusion safety.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T09:43:56Z","timestamp":1780047836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seroprevalence of IgM and IgG Antibodies Directed Against Hepatitis E Virus in 4867 Blood Donors From Tyrol, Austria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0260-3262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Seekircher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Economics, Medical Statistics and Informatics Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies","family":"M\u00fchlbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology University Hospital Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7988-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Tschiderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Economics, Medical Statistics and Informatics Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4296-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology University Hospital Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6616-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manfred","family":"Astl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology University Hospital Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8536-8780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald","family":"Schennach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology University Hospital Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7860-7144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Siller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology University Hospital Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1866-7159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Willeit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Economics, Medical Statistics and Informatics Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"},{"name":"Ignaz Semmelweis Institute Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cHepatitis E: Fact Sheet \u201d [Internet] https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hepatitis-e."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8080211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.16.30514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40506-020-00235-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Bundesministerium Soziales Gesundheit Pflege und Konsumentenschutz. Jahresbericht meldepflichtige Erkrankungen 2022 [Internet]. Available from:https:\/\/www.sozialministerium.gv.at\/Themen\/Gesundheit\/Uebertragbare-Krankheiten\/Statistiken-und-Fallzahlen.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"336","article-title":"Incidence of Hepatitis E in Austria","volume":"107","author":"Hofmann H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.35.1700616"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.19.21127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"Statistik Austria. Schweinebestand am 1. Juni2024[Internet]. Available from:https:\/\/www.statistik.at\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/SB_1-4_Schweinebestand062024.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8100270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES).Hepatitis E [Internet] https:\/\/www.ages.at\/mensch\/krankheit\/krankheitserreger-von-a-bis-z\/hepatitis-e."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES) Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Soziales Gesundheit Pflege und Konsumentenschutz (Keine Angabe). Hepatitis E Viren (HEV) in roher Schweineleber \u2010 Monitoring: Endbericht der Schwerpunktaktion A\u2010805\u201022 [Internet] https:\/\/www.ages.at\/mensch\/schwerpunkte\/schwerpunktaktionen\/detail\/hepatitis-e-viren-hev-in-roher-schweineleber-monitoring-1."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and Healthcare of the Council of Europe \u201cGuide to the preparation use and quality assurance of blood components \u201d [Internet] https:\/\/www.edqm.eu\/en\/blood-guide."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61034-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0125-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12719"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-09-524348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17108"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.70991","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.70991","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.70991","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:16:26Z","timestamp":1782465386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.70991"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.70991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.70991","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70991"}}