{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:23:38Z","timestamp":1787664218308,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007113","name":"Arak University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007113","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment of common warts can occasionally be a challenge in recalcitrant cases, either recurrent ones or non\u2010responders to treatment. In the current study, the efficacy and safety of monotherapy with topical 50% urea cream and combination therapy with topical 50% urea cream and carboxytherapy were assessed and compared in the treatment of recalcitrant common wart. Twenty subjects with recalcitrant common warts in the extremities (excluding the plantar surface) were selected. For the lesions of one side of the body, topical 50% urea cream was used 2 times a day (group A), while for the other side, combination of topical 50% urea cream and carboxytherapy was administered (group B). Carboxytherapy was done weekly, and both treatments were continued until complete resolution. The lesion count and size were assessed until 2 weeks after the fifth session of carboxytherapy. Recurrence rate was evaluated 6 months after complete resolution. Regarding the lesion count, no statistically significant difference was seen between the 2 groups. In group B, decrease of lesion size was significantly greater than that in group A. The time for complete resolution was significantly shorter in the group B. No significant adverse event was reported in either treatment group. No recurrence of lesions was reported 6 months after complete resolution in either group. Our findings demonstrated that both monotherapy with topical 50% urea cream and combination therapy with topical 50% urea cream and carboxytherapy were effective in the treatment of recalcitrant recurrent common warts, although the effectiveness of combination therapy was statistically more.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.71061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T11:20:32Z","timestamp":1785583232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment and Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Monotherapy With Topical 50% Urea Cream and Combination Therapy With Topical 50% Urea Cream and Carboxytherapy in Treatment of Recalcitrant Common Wart: A Randomized, Single\u2010Blinded, 2\u2010Split Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3462-4124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nooshin","family":"Bagherani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Nooshin Bagherani's Dermatology and Cosmetology Office Arak Markazi Province Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine Arak University of Medical Science Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7301-8274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce R.","family":"Smoller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Dermatology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Yaghoobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahmatollah","family":"Moradzade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Arak University of Medical Science Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Mirnezami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Arak University of Medical Science Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Rafie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Arak University of Medical Science Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416400"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-025-00659-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1737635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Aboud A. M","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7362.461"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03789-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"288","article-title":"Treatment of Nongenital Cutaneous Warts","volume":"84","author":"Mulhem E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1940.01490100100018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13621"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","article-title":"An Overview on Melasma","volume":"2","author":"Bagherani G. S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Pigmentary Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-023-02656-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12501"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-5900(03)00716-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D3233034301"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"N.Higashi A.Kume T.Taniguchi T.Minoda S.Ogihara andK.Higami.Recalcitrant Plantar Warts Treated With Topical 10% Urea Ointment42 no.5(2000):498\u2013502."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Needling for the Treatment of Warts","volume":"18","author":"Schimmel J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Skinmed"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2023.02.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1615758114"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.71061","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.71061","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.71061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:04:27Z","timestamp":1787663067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.71061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.71061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.71061","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71061"}}