{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:44:33Z","timestamp":1785840273458,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009104","name":"Department of Health Research, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. R. 15012\/04\/2019\u2010h\u2010VRDL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. R. 15012\/04\/2019\u2010h\u2010VRDL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) continues to pose a significant public health threat due to recurrent outbreaks driven by antigenic drift, vector adaptation and potential changes in virulence. This study examined the genetic and antigenic characteristics of CHIKV isolates from the 2018 and 2023\u201324 outbreaks in southern India. Whole\u2010genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed on outbreak isolates. Structural protein B\u2010cell epitopes were analyzed and mutations associated with vector adaptation and neurovirulence were screened. Serum samples collected in mid\u20102023 were tested using plaque reduction neutralization test against both outbreak strains. All isolates clustered within the C2.3 clade of the ECSA\u2010IOL genotype and showed close relationship with strains from India, Kenya, Thailand, and Bangladesh. A total of 71 nonstructural and 45 structural mutations were identified relative to the reference strain (S27), with fewer variations in the 2023\u201324 isolates when compared with 2018 isolates. Adaptive mutations E1:K211E, E2:V264A, and E2:I211T indicated possible dual\u2010vector adaptation. No established neurovirulence mutations were detected. Neutralization and epitope analyzes showed reduced antibody efficacy against 2023\u201324 isolates. The 2023\u201324 CHIKV strains remain genetically stable but exhibit adaptive mutations that may enhance transmission and reduce neutralization, highlighting the need for continued genomic and immunological surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.71065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T07:20:39Z","timestamp":1784532039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic and Immunological Insights Into Chikungunya Virus Evolution During the 2018 and 2023\u201324 Outbreaks in Southern India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2058-2672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdinamarie Sharmila","family":"Philomenadin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (RVRDL), Department of Microbiology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haripriya","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (RVRDL), Department of Microbiology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nivedha","family":"Devanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (RVRDL), Department of Microbiology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samiksha","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 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India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8984-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Dhodapkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (RVRDL), Department of Microbiology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research Puducherry 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