{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T12:19:42Z","timestamp":1787660382527,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    After the COVID\u201019 emergency, respiratory viruses have re\u2010emerged with changing and region\u2010specific patterns. We aimed to characterize how these shifts affected viral circulation, clinical severity, and management of pediatric viral\u2010associated lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD)across two post\u2010pandemic seasons in Rome, Italy. We conducted a retrospective observational study of children (&lt;\u20096 years) hospitalized with PCR\u2010confirmed viral LRTDs during the 2022\u20132023 and 2023\u20132024 seasons. Of the 1,249 children hospitalized for LRTD, 49.08% were admitted during the 2022\u20132023 season and 50.92% during the 2023\u20132024 season. Clinical severity at presentation (PRESS\u2009\u2265\u20094) did not differ between the two seasons; however, a severe in\u2010hospital course (CSS\u2009&gt;\u20093) was more frequent in 2023\u20132024 (8.96% vs. 4.24%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001). In 2023\u20102024, the corticosteroid use increased (77.20% vs. 72.43%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05), whereas antibiotic use decreased (47.80% vs. 39.78%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004). Respiratory syncytial virus remained the most common pathogen in both seasons, with no significant variation between them. Similarly, influenza showed no significant difference in prevalence. Compared with 2022\u20132023, 2023\u20132024 showed a higher prevalence of rhinovirus (50.31% vs. 37.36%), enterovirus (24.53% vs. 15.82%), bocavirus (13.99% vs. 8.16%) and viral codetection (51.89% vs. 45.02%) while adenovirus was more frequent in 2022\u20132023 (7.39% vs. 13.21%). Multivariable analysis identified the 2023\u20132024 season (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.45\u20133.87), younger age (OR 0.96 per month; 95% CI 0.94\u20130.98), and comorbidities (OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.66\u20135.11) as independent predictors of severe in\u2010hospital course. Male sex, viral codetection, and\n                    <jats:italic>viral clinical categories<\/jats:italic>\n                    were not associated with severity. In conclusion, in Rome's regional context, the evolving viral ecology highlights the need for continued local surveillance to guide clinical preparedness and optimize management in forthcoming seasons.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.71103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T10:32:13Z","timestamp":1786789933000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Viral Landscape, Clinical Impact, and Management Trends in Hospitalized Children for Viral\u2010Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Comparative Analysis of Two Post\u2010Pandemic Seasons in Rome, Italy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ferro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cozzolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Olita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Severini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Raucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Direction, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venere","family":"Cortazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velia Chiara Di","family":"Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Musolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Cristaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Federico","family":"Perno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Pisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Lazio 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