{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:38:57Z","timestamp":1792618737646,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human T\u2010lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV\u20101) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV\u20101) can be transmitted through similar routes, so co\u2010infection may occur, especially in endemic regions. Since there is limited data on this co\u2010infection, its genotypes, and genetic variations in Iran, we aimed to investigate HTLV\u20101\/HIV\u20101 co\u2010infection to gain a better understanding of its epidemiology. Whole blood and plasma of 282 HIV\u20101\u2010infected patients were sampled in Tehran, Iran. Briefly, plasma samples were used to investigate HTLV I\/II antibody seroprevalence by ELISA, and PBMCs were used for molecular analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>Tax<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>LTR<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>ENV<\/jats:italic>\n                    regions. Then, amplified\n                    <jats:italic>LTR<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ENV<\/jats:italic>\n                    were subjected to sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and variation determination. Out of 282 HIV\u20101\u2010infected individuals (31.9% female and 68.1% male, with a mean age of 43.80\u2009\u00b1\u200911.25), 6 samples (2.1%) were seropositive, and provirus was detected in 2 samples (0.7%). Both samples belonged to HTLV\u20101aTC, and after genetic variation analysis for both\n                    <jats:italic>LTR<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ENV<\/jats:italic>\n                    regions, the\n                    <jats:italic>ENV<\/jats:italic>\n                    region displayed 6 and 7 point mutations in each isolate, respectively, relative to the ATK HTLV\u20101 prototype, with 5 and 4 of these mutations being nonsynonymous. Analysis of the\n                    <jats:italic>LTR<\/jats:italic>\n                    region identified 8 mutations in each isolate, comprising 7 point mutations and one deletion. This survey confirms the prevalence of HTLV\u20101 among people living with HIV\u20101, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring of this population. Additionally, the findings in this study indicate that HTLV\u20101aTC is predominant among the studied population, consistent with previous reports worldwide, and nucleotide variations are present in both investigated HTLV\u20101 regions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.71107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:36:09Z","timestamp":1788950169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogenetic Analysis of HTLV\u20101 in HIV\u20101\u2013infected Patients in Tehran, Iran"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3944-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahel","family":"Abyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterologyand Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7020-7889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Reza","family":"Mohebbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8906-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Masoud","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2986-0701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabnam","family":"Kazemian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9580-2676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9027-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Zali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050664"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54117\/zas82a33"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107729108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171303"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1990.tb05023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17040545"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"HIV\/Human 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