{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:07:45Z","timestamp":1790086065349,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82472282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20250484981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250484981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012144","name":"Hebei Agricultural University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YJ2023038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJ2023038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the transmission routes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is critical for outbreak control. Beyond direct contact and aerosol transmission, indirect transmission via contaminated environmental surfaces contributes to exposure risk, particularly in live poultry markets (LPMs). Although previous studies have examined the environmental persistence of individual AIV strains, systematic comparisons among genetically related viruses remain scarce. H9N2, designated by the WHO as a potential \u201cPathogen X,\u201d is of particular concern. Here, we assessed the environmental persistence and indirect transmission potential of four genetically related H9N2 AIVs originating from the same LPM\u2010associated epidemiological context: one human isolate (H19) and three LPM environmental isolates (E01, E02, E03). All viruses exhibited temperature\u2010dependent infectivity decay on four surface materials. Notably, H19 and E01 demonstrated prolonged environmental persistence compared with E02 and E03 under multiple conditions. Moreover, smooth, non\u2010porous surfaces (plastic, glass, stainless steel) generally supported longer viral survival than porous non\u2010woven fabric. In a guinea pig model, H19 and E01 led to detectable indirect transmission, whereas E02 and E03 did not. Comparative sequence analysis revealed differences at NP\u2010346 and PB2\u201018 between these two phenotypic groups, although the functional relevance of these substitutions remains to be determined. Collectively, these findings reveal that environmental persistence and indirect transmission potential can vary markedly among genetically related LPM\u2010associated H9N2 AIVs, supporting the integration of environmental adaptability into routine risk assessment frameworks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.71127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:41:36Z","timestamp":1788442896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Environmental Adaptability of Influenza A(H9N2) Virus in the Process of Genetic Evolution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4664-5381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifei","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7065-1285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Hebei Agricultural University Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3049-1587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Hebei Agricultural University Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanrui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8982-2806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences Beijing 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