{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:08:36Z","timestamp":1790086116215,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL167917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL167917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI148574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI148574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N93021C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Thrombotic risk in COVID\u201019 extends beyond acute illness, including in nonhospitalized individuals, suggesting that thrombo\u2010inflammatory biology may persist during recovery. Longitudinal sampling with pre\u2010infection baselines is needed to distinguish infection\u2010associated signals from inter\u2010individual variability and time\u2010related drift in blood gene expression. To define coordinated, time\u2010resolved whole\u2010blood transcriptomic programs during SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 convalescence using longitudinal within\u2010person comparisons before and after infection, alongside COVID\u201019\u2013na\u00efve controls. Adults were sampled longitudinally with specimens collected before SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection (T0) and at ~3 months (T1) and ~6 months (T2) post\u2010infection; COVID\u201019\u2013na\u00efve controls were sampled across matched timepoints. COVID\u201019\u2013na\u00efve status was confirmed using a multiplex anti\u2010nucleocapsid IgG assay spanning multiple variant antigens. Whole\u2010blood RNA\u2010seq (PAXgene) was analyzed with DESeq. 2 using models that incorporated time point and participant. To prioritize infection\u2010linked changes, genes differentially expressed over time in controls were identified and excluded from comparisons between COVID\u201019 time points. Pathways were assessed by pre\u2010ranked GSEA (MSigDB) and clustered with aPEAR. After excluding control\u2010associated genes, COVID\u201019 convalescence remained associated with marked transcriptional remodeling (T1 vs. T0: 782 genes; T2 vs. T0: 655 genes;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and persistent pathway\u2010level changes. Interferon\u2010\u03b1 and interferon\u2010\u03b3 signatures were enriched at both T1 and T2, and a core set of interferon\u2010associated genes remained elevated across convalescence. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection is followed by durable whole\u2010blood immune\u2010defense programs, including persistent interferon signaling, detectable up to 6 months post\u2010infection. These sustained signatures support a model of prolonged post\u2010infectious immune activation that may contribute to extended thromboinflammatory risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.71133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:56:11Z","timestamp":1788202571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Durable Interferon\u2010Linked Blood Signatures During COVID\u201019 Convalescence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Ferrena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3319-6778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florencia","family":"Schlamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3421-9323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Tuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Vaccine Center, and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9569-9237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Duerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Vaccine Center, and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Samanovic\u2010Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Vaccine Center, and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Vaccine Center, and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0751-1578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tessa J.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00762-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3114.250630"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abh2434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.321659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11824-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02353-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3008.240659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37606-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-023-01227-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00253-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","article-title":"Serological Imprinting and Vaccination History Shape Adult Influenza Antibody Landscapes and H5N1 Cross\u2011Reactivity","author":"Duerr R. 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