{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:07:32Z","timestamp":1790086052410,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Osteosarcoma is an aggressive primary malignant bone tumor of poorly defined etiology that predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. A viral cause has long been proposed, and a recent study from Xinjiang, China, reported frequent detection of Kaposi sarcoma\u2013associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in Uyghur osteosarcoma cases, suggesting a possible association in this KSHV\u2010endemic population. Whether this association extends to broader populations remains unknown. Our study investigated the presence of KSHV in osteosarcoma specimens from KSHV\u2010endemic African countries (Cameroon, Kenya, South Africa, Zambia) and the non\u2010endemic United States. A total of 356 formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded and fresh\u2010frozen specimens were retrieved or prospectively collected. In 77 selected high\u2010quality specimens, KSHV infection was assessed by immunohistochemistry for LANA1 and by qPCR targeting 5 viral open reading frames (ORF25, ORF26, ORF37, ORF65, and ORF73). LANA1 expression was undetectable in all tumors. Using qPCR, 75\/77 specimens were negative for all targets, 1\/77 excluded due to insufficient remaining DNA quantity to perform the assay, and 1\/77 positive across all five targets. Additionally, we studied the KSHV seroprevalence in a separate cohort comprised of 49 sera obtained from individuals with osteosarcoma from Zambia (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200939) and the United States (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910). We measured by ELISA the presence of specific antibodies against four KSHV antigens: K8.1, KCP, VCA, and LANA1. KSHV seropositivity was detected in 15\/39 individuals from Zambia and none from the United States. In the absence of compelling evidence, our findings could not support an association between KSHV infection and osteosarcoma in our study population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.71136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:36:13Z","timestamp":1789043773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Kaposi Sarcoma\u2013Associated Herpesvirus Is Not Detected in Osteosarcoma From KSHV\u2010Endemic African Countries and the Non\u2010Endemic United States Populations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0468-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Webster","family":"Musonda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immuno\u2010Oncology Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Duarte California USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery School of Medicine, University of Zambia and University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3182-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela M.","family":"Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immuno\u2010Oncology Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Duarte California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Mbingo Baptist Hospital Mbingo Northwest Region Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Barasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi and Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Geel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chibamba","family":"Mumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology School of Medicine, University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sody","family":"Munsaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Munthali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery School of Medicine, University of Zambia and University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8897-4421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana G.","family":"Reidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immuno\u2010Oncology Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Duarte California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6949-8693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier Gordon","family":"Ogembo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immuno\u2010Oncology Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Duarte California 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