{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:38:57Z","timestamp":1792618737620,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The immune response to peptides derived from SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 S and M proteins and their effects on NADPH oxidase\u2010dependent generation of reactive species were explored. Peptides were selected based on B\u2010cell epitope predictions, and their fusions with glutathione S\u2010transferase were obtained. Such fusions containing fragments of the receptor binding domain (RBD) were recognized by IgG antibodies developed in COVID\u201019 patients with efficiency comparable to full\u2010length RBD. The S673\u2010713 peptide containing the furin cleavage site demonstrated the highest reactivity in samples from patients with mild COVID\u201019, suggesting a potential role in protective immune responses. Peptides with a high antibody recognition contained multiple protease cleavage sites, indicating a possible role for S protein processing in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 immunogenicity. Their effects on the generation of reactive species in blood and isolated neutrophils were investigated. Functionally, selected peptides (S672\u2010875, S592\u2010647, and S357\u2010380) modulated the opsonized zymosan induced response in blood, whereas S673\u2010713, S673\u2010713 P681H, and M105\u2010117 showed weaker effects. In isolated neutrophils, peptides containing fragments of RBD (S434\u2010483) or the S1\/S2 cleavage site (S673\u2010713) enhanced phagocytosis\u2010dependent, formyl peptide receptor (FPR)\u2010mediated and PMA\u2010induced production of reactive species. In contrast, the P681H mutation both decreased antibody recognition of S673\u2010713 and removed or significantly reduced functional effects on blood neutrophils, suggesting a potential mechanism contributing to viral spread and immune evasion. These findings provide insight into how viral peptide fragments modulate innate immune responses via formyl peptide receptors and contribute to mechanisms of viral recognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.71151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:55:32Z","timestamp":1789041332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunological Properties of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 S and M Protein Fragments and Their Effects on Respiratory Burst in Human Neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0490-5547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina V.","family":"Tikhonova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences Pushchino Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alsu R.","family":"Dyukina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences Pushchino Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2417-3067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei A.","family":"Grinevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences Pushchino Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria N.","family":"Tutukina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences Pushchino Russia"},{"name":"Vavilov Institute for General Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna D.","family":"Kaznadzey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vavilov Institute for General Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana A.","family":"Bessonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences Pushchino Russia"},{"name":"Vavilov Institute for General Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgenii V.","family":"Matveev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vavilov Institute for General Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Immunology Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8587-4895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya","family":"Mazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argentys Informatics, LLC Gaithersburg Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina G.","family":"Safronova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences Pushchino Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1513717"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000543633"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000535541"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.Borges T. 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