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Despite its epidemiological relevance, genomic surveillance of HRSV in Brazil remains limited. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity and dispersal dynamics of HRSV\u2010A and HRSV\u2010B in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the period immediately preceding the implementation of maternal vaccination and prophylactic monoclonal antibodies. A total of 136 near\u2010complete HRSV genomes were recovered from respiratory samples collected between May 2024 and June 2025 using metagenomic sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses identified 11 HRSV\u2010A and five HRSV\u2010B lineages, with most sequences belonging to the A.D.3 and B.D.E.1 clades. Phylodynamic reconstructions revealed multiple independent introductions into the state, with the city of Rio de Janeiro acting as the primary within\u2010state dispersal hub. Viral dispersal routes originating from the capital also showed greater mean transmission distances than those from other municipalities. Coinfections with additional respiratory viruses were frequently detected, and most HRSV\u2010positive patients were children under 1\u2009year of age. These results demonstrate that HRSV circulation in Rio de Janeiro is shaped by repeated introductions and strong spatial structuring centered around highly connected urban areas. Our findings underscore the importance of continuous genomic surveillance to monitor viral evolution, characterize transmission dynamics, and support science\u2010based public health strategies against HRSV. Establishing robust monitoring systems will be critical to evaluate the impact of newly implemented immunization programs in Brazil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.71177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:28:37Z","timestamp":1792060117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First Phylodynamic Analysis of HRSV\u2010A and HRSV\u2010B in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Reveals Recurrent Dispersals From the Megalopolis Center to Suburban Cities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7586-7280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra Pavan","family":"Lamarca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9281-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melise Chaves","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioinform\u00e1tica. Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Computa\u00e7\u00e3o Cient\u00edfica (LNCC\/MCTI) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6068-9020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Campos","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5364-7831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Ang\u00e9lica Arpon Marandino","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Maria Braga","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Cardoso","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3006-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro Magalh\u00e3es","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra Lehmkuhl","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioinform\u00e1tica. Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Computa\u00e7\u00e3o Cient\u00edfica (LNCC\/MCTI) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula C.","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioinform\u00e1tica. 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