{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:40:34Z","timestamp":1779151234407,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,2]],"date-time":"2001-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1004659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nicotine and other nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists have been shown to exert neuroprotective actions in vivo and in vitro by an as yet unknown mechanism. Even the identification of the subtype of nicotinic receptor(s) mediating this action has not been determined. In neural cell lines, the induction of cytoprotection often requires exposure to nicotine for up to 24 hr to produce a full protective effect. One phenomenon associated with chronic exposure of neural cells to nAChR agonists is the increased expression of nAChRs (upregulation), possibly as a response to desensitization. Because nicotinic receptors desensitize rapidly in the continuous presence of agonist, we investigated whether the neuroprotective actions produced by different nicotinic receptor agonists was related to their ability to induce nicotinic receptor upregulation. Differentiated PC12 cells were preincubated for 24 hr with various nAChR ligands, and the cells were subsequently deprived of both NGF and serum to induce cytotoxicity. Under control conditions cell viability was reduced to 66.5 \u00b1 5.4% of control by trophic factor withdrawal. For those cells pretreated with nicotine (1 nM\u2013100 \u03bcM) cell viability increased from 74.2 \u00b1 1.5 to 97.3 \u00b1 4%. The neuroprotective action of nicotine was blocked by co\u2010treatment with either 5 \u03bcM mecamylamine or 10 nM methyllycaconitine (MLA). The high potency blockade by MLA suggested that neuroprotection was mediated through the \u03b17 nicotinic receptor subtype. For the seven agonists examined for neuroprotective activity, only nicotine was capable of evoking a near maximal (near 100% cell viability) neuroprotective action. The next most effective group included epibatidine, 4OHGTS\u201021, methycarbamylcholine, and 1,1\u2010dimethyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u2010piperazinium iodide. These least effective group included cytisine and tetraethylammonium. Incubation of differentiated PC12 cells with 10 \u03bcM nicotine increased the number of [<jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I]\u03b1bungarotoxin ([<jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I]\u03b1BGTbinding sites by 41% from 82.6 \u00b1 3.67 to 117 \u00b1 10.3 fmol\/mg protein). Under similar conditions of incubation, the nicotinic receptor agonist cytisine (that was least effective in terms of neuroprotection) failed to increase the number of [<jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I]\u03b1BGT binding sites. Cells expressing increased levels of cell surface [<jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I]\u03b1BGT binding sites received added neuroprotective benefit from nicotine. Thus the induced upregulation of the \u03b17 subtype of nicotinic receptors during chronic exposure to nicotine may be responsible for the drug's neuroprotective action. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:565\u2013572, 2001. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T21:18:31Z","timestamp":1030310311000},"page":"565-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Relationship between the increased cell surface \u03b17 nicotinic receptor expression and neuroprotection induced by several nicotinic receptor agonists"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Ramamohana R.","family":"Jonnala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry 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