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It could be shown that consumption of [U\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]glutamate was decreased in the presence of glutamine and release of labeled aspartate and [1,2,3\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]glutamate decreased as well, whereas the concentrations of these metabolites increased inside the cells. Glutamine decreased energy production from [U\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]glutamate presumably by substituting for glutamate as an energy substrate. No additional effect was seen in the presence of both glutamine and GABA. When cerebellar granule neurons were incubated with [U\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]glutamate (0.25 mM) and GABA (0.05 mM), less [U\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]glutamate was used for energy production than in controls. Because the barbiturate thiopental did not elicit such response (Qu et al., 2000, Neurochem Int 37:207\u2013215) it appears that GABA also has a metabolic function in the glutamatergic cerebellar granule neurons in contrast to the astrocytes. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T16:24:03Z","timestamp":1030292643000},"page":"885-890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of glutamine and GABA on [U\u2010<sup>13<\/sup>C]glutamate metabolism in cerebellar astrocytes and granule neurons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon R.","family":"Konradsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marike","family":"van Hengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Wolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Sonnewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.4.1023S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199807)23:3<271::AID-GLIA9>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(95)00158-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.19.9344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)38247-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(88)90162-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00963923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(90)90013-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10068.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1984.tb09689.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/367607a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199004000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1984.tb09691.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(97)00417-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.69062612.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199612200-00052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63041377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65052227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00583389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(79)90116-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"A dissection and tissue culture manual for the nervous system","author":"Hertz L","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000017335"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)46969-4","article-title":"Cerebral metabolic compartmentation. 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