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Although mechanisms of this process are not fully understood, alterations of tight junction protein expression can contribute, at least in part, to this phenomenon. Tight junctions are critical structural and functional elements of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and the BBB. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of HIV\u20101 Tat protein on expression of tight junction proteins. Primary cultures of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) were employed in these experiments. A 24\u2010hr exposure of BMEC to Tat\n                    <jats:sub>1\u201372<\/jats:sub>\n                    resulted in a decrease of claudin\u20101, claudin\u20105, and zonula occludens (ZO)\u20102 expression, whereas total levels of occludin and ZO\u20101 remained unchanged. In addition, a short (3\u2010hr) exposure of BMEC to Tat\n                    <jats:sub>1\u201372<\/jats:sub>\n                    induced cellular redistribution of claudin\u20105 immunoreactivity. Tat\n                    <jats:sub>1\u201372<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced alterations of claudin\u20105 expression also were confirmed in vivo where Tat\n                    <jats:sub>1\u201372<\/jats:sub>\n                    was injected into the right hippocampus of mice. These findings indicate that HIV\u20101 Tat protein can markedly affect expression and distribution of specific tight junction proteins in brain endothelium. Alterations of only distinct tight junction proteins suggest a finely tuned effect of Tat\n                    <jats:sub>1\u201372<\/jats:sub>\n                    on the BBB. Because tight junction proteins are critical for the barrier function of the BBB, such alterations can lead to disturbances of the BBB integrity and contribute to HIV trafficking into the brain. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,20]],"date-time":"2004-02-20T10:01:20Z","timestamp":1077271280000},"page":"255-265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["HIV\u20101 Tat protein alters tight junction protein expression and distribution in cultured brain endothelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Ibolya E.","family":"Andr\u00e1s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria 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