{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:08:39Z","timestamp":1759032519868},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,31]],"date-time":"2001-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":999216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many experimental and clinical studies have shown that hypothermia confers cerebroprotective benefits against ischemic insults. Because of the many conflicting reports on hypothermic neuroprotection, we undertook this cellular study to identify the optimal temperature or a range of temperatures for maximal neuroprotection at different times (6\u201324 hr) during ischemic insults. Cultured Wistar rat cortical neurons were exposed to oxygen deprivation at defined times and temperatures (37\u00b0C normothermia, 32\u00b0C mild hypothermia, 27\u00b0C moderate hypothermia, 22\u00b0C deep hypothermia, and 17\u00b0C profound hypothermia). The survival rate of neurons was evaluated by assessing viable neurons on photomicrographs. The normothermic group demonstrated a significantly lower survival rate of cultured neurons (6 hr, 80.3% \u00b1 2.7%; 12 hr, 56.1% \u00b1 2.1%; 18 hr, 34.2% \u00b1 1%; 24 hr, 18.1% \u00b1 2.2%) compared to hypothermic groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The survival rate for the profound hypothermic group was significantly reduced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) compared to other hypothermic groups (at 17\u00b0C: 12 hr, 85.9% \u00b1 2.5%, 18 hr, 74.7% \u00b1 3.7%, 24 hr, 58.7% \u00b1 2.7%). Almost equal survival rates were observed among mild, moderate, and deep hypothermic groups following &lt;18 hr exposure to hypoxia, but the deep hypothermic group showed a significantly higher survival rate (84.1% \u00b1 1.6%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) when subjected to hypoxia for 24 hr. In conclusion, hypothermia offers marked neuroprotection against hypoxia, but attenuation of neuronal cell death was less with profound hypothermia compared to mild, moderate, and deep hypothermia. Deep hypothermia affords maximal protection of neurons compared to mild and moderate hypothermia during long\u2010lasting hypoxia (&gt;18 hr). J. Neurosci. Res. 65:583\u2013590, 2001. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.1188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T19:58:07Z","timestamp":1030305487000},"page":"583-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neuroprotective effect of hypothermia at defined intraischemic time courses in cortical 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