{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T10:58:54Z","timestamp":1774868334168,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,26]],"date-time":"2001-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1001462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Seguridad Social (FIS)","award":["00\/1094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00\/1094"]}]},{"name":"Comissi\u00f3 Interdepartamental de Recerca i Innovaci\u00f3 Tecnol\u00f2gica, Generalitat de Catalunya (CIRIT)","award":["SGR00047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR00047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of the environmental contaminants methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) on cell viability, intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were studied in rat cerebellar granule neuron cultures using fluorescent methods. MeHg exhibited an LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> (2.47 \u03bcM) tenfold lower than that of HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (26.40 \u03bcM). To study the involvement of oxidative stress and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> homeostasis disruption in mercury\u2010induced cytotoxicity, we tested the neuroprotective effects of several agents that selectively interfere with these mechanisms. After a 24 hr exposure, the cytotoxic effect of both mercury compounds was reduced by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010ATPase; the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel blocker flunarizine; and the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> exchanger blocker benzamil. All these compounds decreased the mercury\u2010mediated [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> rise. These results indicate that Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> influx through Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels and the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> exchanger and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum are involved in mercury\u2010mediated cytotoxicity. The antioxidants probucol and propyl gallate reduced the HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> toxicity. Probucol and vitamin E partially inhibited the MeHg toxicity after a 24 hr period, whereas propyl gallate completely prevented this effect. Probucol slightly reduced ROS generation in methylmercury\u2010exposed cultures and decreased mercury\u2010mediated rise of [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>. Propyl gallate abolished ROS generation and partially inhibited the increase of [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> induced by both mercury compounds. Propyl gallate also protected human cerebral cortical neuron cultures from the MeHg effect even after 72 hr of MeHg exposure, thus showing a long\u2010lasting effect. Our data suggest that disruption of redox equilibrium and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> homeostasis contribute equally to HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mediated toxicity, whereas oxidative stress is the main cause of MeHg neurotoxicity. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:135\u2013145, 2001. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.1205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T19:53:55Z","timestamp":1030305235000},"page":"135-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Antioxidant compounds and Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> pathway blockers differentially protect against methylmercury and mercuric chloride neurotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Sergi","family":"Gass\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa 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