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Although this treatment is indicated to reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in newborns, its use remains controversial. We have shown previously that pretreatment with MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> in a mouse model of maternal hypoxia prevented a delay in the development of motor reflexes induced by hypoxia. We demonstrate here that pretreatment with MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> reduces hypoxia\u2010induced motor disabilities in adult offspring. This effect is associated with histologic protection of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and stabilization of brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the cerebellum. MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> did not prevent the reduction in cerebral cortex cell density and cell size induced by maternal hypoxia, however, nor did it interfere with the modulation of BDNF and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in the cerebral cortex. MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> pretreatment also prevented the impairment of short\u2010term memory (30 min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) but not long\u2010term memory (7 days). Nevertheless, maternal pretreatment with MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> reduced CA1 cell layer width and induced alterations in both NGF and BDNF in the hippocampus. These results support the prophylactic effect of MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> against motor disabilities; however, they may also indicate possible harmful effects on the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]],"date-time":"2004-09-14T08:26:19Z","timestamp":1095150379000},"page":"430-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Maternal hypoxia during pregnancy induces fetal neurodevelopmental brain damage: Partial protection by magnesium sulfate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Golan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Kashtuzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hallak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Sorokin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Huleihel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7492"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903010303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"Development of the hippocampal region in the rat. 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