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The involvement of proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in exacerbation of SCI pathology is well documented. We have reported previously the antiinflammatory properties and immunomodulatory activities of statins (3\u2010hydroxy\u20103\u2010methylglutaryl [HMG]\u2010CoA reductase inhibitors) in the animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE). The present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of atorvastatin (Lipitor; LP) treatment in attenuating SCI\u2010induced pathology. Immunohistochemical detection and real\u2010time PCR analysis showed increased expression of iNOS, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) and interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2) after SCI. In addition, neuronal apoptosis was detected 24 hr after injury followed by a profound increase in ED1\u2010positive inflammatory infiltrates, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)\u2010positive reactive astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte apoptosis by 1 week after SCI relative to control. LP treatment attenuated the SCI\u2010induced iNOS, TNF\u03b1, and IL\u20101\u03b2 expression. LP also provided protection against SCI\u2010induced tissue necrosis, neuronal and oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, and reactive gliosis. Furthermore, rats treated with LP scored much higher on the locomotor rating scale after SCI (19.13 \u00b1 0.53) than did untreated rats (9.04 \u00b1 1.22). This study therefore reports the beneficial effect of atorvastatin for the treatment of SCI\u2010related pathology and disability. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,16]],"date-time":"2004-12-16T19:16:20Z","timestamp":1103224580000},"page":"340-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Attenuation of acute inflammatory response by atorvastatin after spinal cord injury in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Ravinder","family":"Pannu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avtar K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inderjit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"236","article-title":"Pathology of experimental spinal cord trauma. 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