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For this purpose, a novel adeno\u2010associated virus (AAV) was used to deliver the FGF\u20102 gene to RGCs, providing a sustained source of this neurotrophic factor. FGF\u20102 gene transfer led to an approximately ten\u2010fold increase in the number of axons that extended past the lesion site compared with control nerves. Axon growth correlated with FGF\u20102\u2010induced activation of the extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinases 1\/2 (Erk1\/2), but not phosphoinositide 3\u2010kinase or protein kinase C. Pharmacological inhibition of Erk1\/2 activation resulted in an \u223c80% decrease in the number of axons that regenerated in the injured optic nerve. Our data demonstrate that the Erk1\/2 pathway is an essential signaling component in FGF\u20102\u2010mediated axon regeneration in the mature, injured visual system. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,22]],"date-time":"2006-02-22T00:47:01Z","timestamp":1140569221000},"page":"985-995","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinases 1\/2 are required for adult retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration induced by fibroblast growth factor\u20102"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Przemyslaw S.","family":"Sapieha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William W.","family":"Hauswirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Di 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