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Because a murine model of MPS IIIB disease is available, we focused on analysis of gene expression in the brain and cerebellum of 7\u2010month\u2010old MPS IIIB mice by pathway\u2010specific filter microarrays designed to probe apoptotic\u2010related, neurotrophic signalling molecules and inflammatory cytokines and receptors. Moreover, we extended the analysis with real\u2010time PCR performed at 1, 3, 7 months after birth. Bdnf was down\u2010regulated in the brain but up\u2010regulated in the cerebellum at 7 months of age, both at RNA and at protein levels. Cbln1 presented a threefold increase in the oldest brains while remaining unaltered in the cerebellum. Ccl3, Casp11, gp91<jats:sup>phox<\/jats:sup>, p67<jats:sup>phox<\/jats:sup>, and p47<jats:sup>phox<\/jats:sup> showed an increased expression in both brain and cerebellum at each examined time point. Ccl3, in particular, exhibited in both organs and at all times tested approximately a tenfold increase in its expression. Insofar as p47<jats:sup>phox<\/jats:sup>, p67<jats:sup>phox<\/jats:sup>, and gp91<jats:sup>phox<\/jats:sup> are all components of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, our results suggest the possible involvement of the reactive oxygen species in the genesis of neurodegeneration in MPS IIIB disease. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,30]],"date-time":"2006-11-30T22:47:28Z","timestamp":1164926848000},"page":"612-622","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Cytokines, neurotrophins, and oxidative stress in brain disease from mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Guglielmo 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