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Poisoned motoneurons react by emitting a sprouting network known to establish novel functional synapses with the abutting muscle fiber. Understanding how our motoneurons are capable of bypassing such transmission blockade, thereby overcoming paralysis, by an astonishing display of plasticity is one of the research goals that have numerous therapeutic ramifications. This Mini\u2010Review aims at giving a brief update on the recent discoveries regarding the molecular mechanism of botulinum toxins intoxication. Curing botulism still is a challenge once the toxin has found his way inside motoneurons. In view of the potential use of botulinum toxins as biological weapon, more research is needed to find efficient ways of curing this disease. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,26]],"date-time":"2007-03-26T18:39:38Z","timestamp":1174934378000},"page":"1149-1158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The janus faces of botulinum neurotoxin: Sensational medicine and deadly biological weapon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Shona L.","family":"Osborne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine F.","family":"Latham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Cavaignac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathon","family":"Fanning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick G.","family":"Foran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic A.","family":"Meunier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2001.5028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00101-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.8.1059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00066982-200106040-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-16-06876.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(00)01173-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(01)00227-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30105-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.3200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200305098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404107101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00103-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"EvansER SuttonJM ShoneCC.2002.Poster: development of peptide inhibitors of botulinum toxin using a phage display technique. 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