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Before assessing the effects of postnatal injury on brain development, it is essential to determine the normal developmental trajectories of various brain structures in individual animals. In vivo longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed from postnatal day 0 (P0) to P56 on Wistar rats. The DTI metrics, mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (\u03bbl) and radial (\u03bbt) diffusivities, were determined for four gray matter and eight white matter structures. The FA of the cortical plate and the body of corpus callosum decreased significantly during the first 3 weeks after birth. The decrease in the cortical plate's FA value was associated mainly with an increase in \u03bbt. The initial decrease in FA of corpus callosum was associated with a significant decrease in \u03bbl. The FA of corpus callosum increased during the rest of the observational period, which was mainly associated with a decrease in \u03bbt. The FA of gray matter structures, hippocampus, caudate putamen, and cortical mantle did not show significant changes between P0 and P56. In contrast, the majority of white matter structures showed significant changes between P0 and P56. These temporal changes in the DTI metrics were related to the neuronal and axonal pruning and myelination that are known to occur in the developing brain. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,11]],"date-time":"2008-01-11T19:16:18Z","timestamp":1200078978000},"page":"1520-1528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Early postnatal development of rat brain: In vivo diffusion tensor 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