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Phenotypic and functional changes were assessed by immunocytochemistry, RT\u2010PCR, and whole\u2010cell patch\u2010clamp recordings. Naive MSCs expressed both mesodermal and ectodermal markers prior to neural induction. Exposure to retinoic acid, basic fibroblast growth factor, or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) did not stimulate neural morphology, whereas exposure to dibutyryl cAMP and 3\u2010isobutyl\u20101\u2010methylxanthine stimulated a neuron\u2010like morphology but also appeared to be cytotoxic. All protocols stimulated increases in expression of the neural precursor marker nestin, but expression of mature neuronal or glial markers MAP2 and GFAP was not observed. Nestin expression increases were serum level dependent. Electrophysiological properties of MSCs were studied with whole\u2010cell patch\u2010clamp recordings. The MSCs possessed no ionic currents typical of neurons before or after neural induction protocols. Coculture of hUCB\u2010derived MSCs and rat neural cells induced some MSCs to adopt an astrocyte\u2010like morphology and express GFAP protein and mRNA. Our data suggest hUCB\u2010derived MSCs do not transdifferentiate into mature functioning neurons in response to the above neurogenic protocols; however, coculture with rat neural cells led to a minority adopting an astrocyte\u2010like phenotype. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,13]],"date-time":"2008-03-13T20:49:41Z","timestamp":1205441381000},"page":"1902-1915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Analysis of neural potential of human umbilical cord blood\u2013derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in response to a range of neurogenic stimuli"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Zwart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew 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