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The object of the current study was to further examine whether PBN has long\u2010lasting protective effects and ameliorates LPS\u2010induced neurological dysfunction. Intracerebral (i.c.) injection of LPS (1 mg\/kg) was performed in postnatal day (P) 5 Sprague Dawley rat pups and PBN (100 mg\/kg) or saline was administered intraperitoneally 5 min after LPS injection. The control rats were injected (i.c.) with sterile saline. Neurobehavioral tests were carried out from P3 to P21, and brain injury was examined after these tests. LPS exposure resulted in severe brain damage, including enlargement of ventricles bilaterally, loss of mature oligodendrocytes, impaired myelination as indicated by the decrease in myelin basic protein immunostaining, and alterations in dendritic processes in the cortical gray matter of the parietal cortex. Electron microscopic examination showed that LPS exposure caused impaired myelination as indicated by the disintegrated myelin sheaths in the juvenile rat brain. LPS administration also significantly affected neurobehavioral functions such as performance in righting reflex, wire hanging maneuver, cliff avoidance, negative geotaxis, vibrissa\u2010elicited forelimb\u2010placing test, beam walking, and gait test. Treatment with PBN, a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, provided protection against LPS\u2010induced brain injury and associated neurological dysfunction in juvenile rats, suggesting that antioxidation might be an effective approach for therapeutic treatment of neonatal brain injury induced by infection\/inflammation. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,5]],"date-time":"2008-08-05T21:38:53Z","timestamp":1217972333000},"page":"3536-3547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["\u03b1\u2010Phenyl\u2010<i>n<\/i>\u2010<i>tert<\/i>\u2010butyl\u2010nitrone attenuates lipopolysaccharide\u2010induced brain injury and improves neurological reflexes and early sensorimotor behavioral performance in juvenile rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Lir\u2010Wan","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruei\u2010Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen J.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick C. 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