{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:24:47Z","timestamp":1792085087221,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,16]],"date-time":"2008-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1221523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed the presence of degenerating neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of parkinsonian monkeys. For this purpose, we used two histological markers of cellular death, Fluoro Jade B (FJB) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase\u2010mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Eight monkeys were subacutelly treated with four to six 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injections (1\u20131.5 mg\/kg, cumulative dose) and sacrificed 1 week and 11 months after last MPTP injection. Eight additional monkeys were chronically exposed to MPTP (4.5\u201315.3 mg\/kg, cumulative dose) and sacrificed 6\u201335 months after last MPTP dose. Three intact monkeys served as controls. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)\u2010 and TUNEL\u2010positive cells was quantified in SNpc and VTA and colocalization of FJB\u2010positive and TUNEL\u2010positive cells with neuronal (TH, NeuN, MAP2) and glial markers (human ferritin, GFAP) assessed on doubly labelled tissue sections. Only MPTP monkeys with 1\u2010week survival displayed few doubly FJB\u2010TH\u2010labelled cells. Both groups of subacute MPTP monkeys, but not chronic MPTP monkeys, showed a significant increased number of TUNEL\u2010positive cells in SNpc. TUNEL\u2010positive cells exhibited morphological features and histological markers indicative of glial cells, whereas TUNEL\/NeuN or TUNEL\/MAP\u20102 colocalization was not observed. Our results indicate that MPTP treatment produced a nonapoptotic cell death of dopaminergic cells and the activation of the apoptotic cascade in glial cells. More importantly, we failed to demonstrate the existence of a delayed neurodegenerative process in the dopaminergic neurons after concluding MPTP injection thus, casting doubt on the validity of the \u201cprogressive model\u201d created by repeated MPTP administration to monkeys. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,16]],"date-time":"2008-09-16T19:56:03Z","timestamp":1221594963000},"page":"586-597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine exposure fails to produce delayed degeneration of substantia nigra neurons in 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