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Because spinal motoneurons are implicated in spasticity, our aim was to analyze the involvement of NO system at cervical and lumbar motoneurons after PA as well as the application of hypothermia as treatment. PA was performed by immersion of both uterine horns containing full\u2010term fetuses in a water bath at 37\u00b0C for 19 or 20 min (PA19 or PA20) or at 15\u00b0C for 20 min (hypothermia during PA\u2010HYP). Some randomly chosen PA20 rats were immediately exposed for 5 min over grain ice (hypothermia after PA\u2010HPA). Full\u2010term vaginally delivered rats were used as control (CTL). We analyzed NO synthase (NOS) activity, expression and localization by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH\u2010d) reactivity, inducible and neuronal NOS (iNOS and nNOS) by immunohistochemistry, and protein nitrotyrosilation state. We observed an increased NOS activity at cervical spinal cord of 60\u2010day\u2010old PA20 rats, with increased NADPH\u2010d, iNOS, and nitrotyrosine expression in cervical motoneurons and increased NADPH\u2010d in neurons of layer X. Lumbar neurons were not altered. Hypothermia was able to maintain CTL values. Also, we observed decreased forelimb motor potency in the PA20 group, which could be attributed to changes at cervical motoneurons. This study shows that PA can induce spasticity produced by alterations in the NO system of the cervical spinal cord. Moreover, this situation can be prevented by perinatal hypothermia. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,11]],"date-time":"2008-11-11T21:26:25Z","timestamp":1226438785000},"page":"1260-1269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nitric oxide system alteration at spinal cord as a result of perinatal asphyxia is involved in behavioral disabilities: Hypothermia as preventive treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica Berta","family":"Dorfman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Rey\u2010Funes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar","family":"Bayona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ester 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