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Previously, we demonstrated a significant up\u2010regulation of GIP mRNA in the rat subiculum after fornix injury. To gain more insight into the lesion\u2010induced expression of GIP and its receptor (GIPR), expression profiles of the mRNAs were studied after rat sciatic nerve crush injury in 1) affected lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG), 2) spinal cord segments, and 3) proximal and distal nerve fragments by means of quantitative RT\u2010PCR. Our results clearly identified lesion\u2010induced as well as tissue type\u2010specific mRNA regulation of GIP and its receptor. Furthermore, comprehensive immunohistochemical stainings not only confirmed and exceeded the previous observation of neuronal GIP expression but also revealed corresponding GIPR expression, implying putative modulatory functions of GIP\/GIPR signaling in adult neurons. In complement, we also observed expression of GIP and its receptor in myelinating Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. Polarized localization of GIPR in the abaxonal Schwann cell membranes, plasma membrane\u2010associated GIPR expression of satellite cells, and ependymal GIPR expression strongly suggests complex cell type\u2010specific functions of GIP and GIPR in the adult nervous system that are presumably mediated by autocrine and paracrine interactions, respectively. Notably, in vivo analyses with GIPR\u2010deficient mice suggest a critical role of GIP\/GIPR signal transduction in promoting spontaneous recovery after nerve crush, insofar as traumatic injury of GIPR\u2010deficient mouse sciatic nerve revealed impaired axonal regeneration compared with wild\u2010type mice. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]],"date-time":"2009-01-23T14:11:47Z","timestamp":1232719907000},"page":"1858-1870","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Glucose\u2010dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and its receptor (GIPR): Cellular localization, lesion\u2010affected expression, and impaired regenerative axonal growth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Bettina 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