{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:00:51Z","timestamp":1773291651527,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,6]],"date-time":"2009-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The three gaseous neuromodulators nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) are endogenously produced in vertebrate retinas. The NO\/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and CO\/cGMP pathways have been previously shown to interact synergistically in the turtle retina to increase cGMP levels. In this study, we examined H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S as a modulator of cGMP\u2010like immunoreactivity (\u2010LI) and its interactions with the NO\/CO\/cGMP signaling pathways in the tiger salamander retina. Stimulation with NO donor or CO significantly increased cGMP\u2010LI from basal levels in bipolar and amacrine cells and in stratified arborizations in the inner plexiform layer. Stimulation with a combination of NO donor and CO significantly increased cGMP\u2010LI above that seen with either stimulation alone. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors reduced CO\u2010induced cGMP\u2010LI, suggesting that CO\u2010induced cGMP\u2010LI is not produced from direct activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Exogenous H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S alone, from the donor NaHS, did not significantly modify cGMP\u2010LI in dosages ranging from 2 to 1,200 \u03bcM NaHS, but there was a significant decrease in NO\u2010induced cGMP\u2010LI in the presence of 200 \u03bcM NaHS. This reduction of NO\u2010induced cGMP\u2010LI was not significantly affected by the addition of CuCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, suggesting that the decrease was not a result of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S and NO sequestering to form a novel nitrosothiol. NaHS did not have any significant effect on CO\u2010induced cGMP\u2010LI levels. Our results concur with previous studies showing synergistic interactions between NO and CO\/cGMP retinal signaling pathways. We now show that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S inhibits NO\u2010induced cGMP\u2010LI but not CO\u2010induced cGMP\u2010LI. In conclusion, all three gaseous neuromodulators have interactive roles in modulating retinal cGMP signaling. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,6]],"date-time":"2009-03-06T21:28:18Z","timestamp":1236374898000},"page":"2356-2364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Interactions of the gaseous neuromodulators nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide in the salamander retina"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Winnie W.","family":"Pong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Eldred","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-03-01066.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3570593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990201)404:1<75::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800012670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523898153075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800173018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03346-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21655"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.98.3.575"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(08)60718-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02914"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00493827"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90226-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.53.1.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1656"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.00855.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80103-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2132"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0359fje","article-title":"Visualization of gaseous monoxide reception by soluble guanylate cyclase in the rat retina","volume":"17","author":"Kajimura M","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2005.7.795"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20362"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.74.4.1498"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0351138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NEUR.0000046571.90786.6e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601521"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi992040p"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231486198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-1052fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90222-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/009841098158773"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21468"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305080101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx970041h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7678352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00144a001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.02.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.2406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1612"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00013.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6644com"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroscience Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjnr.22042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jnr.22042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T16:38:58Z","timestamp":1696869538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jnr.22042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jnr.22042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.22042","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-4012","1097-4547"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-4012","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4547","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,6]]}}}