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We have found that the level of retinal glial activation correlates directly with enhanced RGC neurite outgrowth after a preconditioning intravitreal Zymosan injection. Reduction in the number of activated glia in primary rat retinal cultures led to significantly reduced RGC neurite outgrowth. Glial\u2010related neurite outgrowth appears to be, at least in part, mediated via apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which is expressed by activated retinal astrocytes and M\u00fcller glia. ApoE\u2010deficient mice showed significantly reduced RGC neurite outgrowth potential after intravitreal Zymosan injection compared with age\u2010matched wild\u2010type animals. These observations suggest that ApoE, expressed by activated retinal glia, stimulates RGC neurite outgrowth after intravitreal Zymosan injection. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,20]],"date-time":"2009-04-20T21:05:05Z","timestamp":1240261505000},"page":"2645-2652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Activated retinal glia promote neurite outgrowth of retinal ganglion cells via apolipoprotein E"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Lorber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael 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