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These cells are found in skin and mucosal sites as well as secondary lymphoid tissues and frequently act as first line of defense sentinels. \u03b3\u03b4 T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of demyelinating disease, although little was known regarding their trafficking and effector functions. In this Mini\u2010Review, we highlight recent studies demonstrating that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells migrate rapidly to the CNS during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for multiple sclerosis. \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell trafficking to the CNS is independent of \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010integrins and occurs well before onset of clinical signs of disease, peaking early during the acute phase of disease. \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell\u2010mediated production of inflammatory cytokines, including interferon\u2010\u03b3 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, appears critical for EAE development, suggesting that these cells may set the stage for activation of other subsets of infiltrating effector cells. These data suggest that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells or subsets of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells may represent a new therapeutic target in demeylinating disease. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,18]],"date-time":"2009-07-18T06:28:04Z","timestamp":1247898484000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["\u03b3\u03b4 T cells: The overlooked T\u2010cell subset in demyelinating disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Jillian E.","family":"Wohler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherry S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott 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