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To mimic the most common human scenario of preterm birth, we used a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation by intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate the effect of parturition on the immature fetal brain, in the absence of inflammation, we used a non\u2010infectious model of preterm birth by administering RU486. Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (IL\u201010, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010\u03b1) in amniotic fluid and inflammatory biomarkers in maternal serum and amniotic fluid were compared between the two models using ELISA. Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine expression was evaluated in the whole fetal brains from the two models. Primary neuronal cultures from the fetal cortex were established from the different models and controls in order to compare the neuronal morphology. Only the intrauterine inflammation model resulted in an elevation of inflammatory biomarkers in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid. Exposure to inflammation\u2010induced preterm birth, but not non\u2010infectious preterm birth, also resulted in an increase in cytokine mRNA in whole fetal brain and in disrupted fetal neuronal morphology. In particular, Microtubule\u2010associated protein 2 (MAP2) staining was decreased and the number of dendrites was reduced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, ANOVA between groups). These results suggest that inflammation\u2010induced preterm birth and not the process of preterm birth may result in neuroinflammation and alter fetal neuronal morphology. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,12]],"date-time":"2010-02-12T16:56:53Z","timestamp":1265993813000},"page":"1872-1881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Inflammation\u2010induced preterm birth alters neuronal morphology in the mouse fetal brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Irina","family":"Burd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy 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