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Several studies have demonstrated the role of monoaminergic afferents in controlling neurochemical and electrophysiological plasticity of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and of the neurohypophysis (NH), but little is known about how the changes in structural plasticity are triggered. We used Tg8 mice, disrupted for the monoamine oxidase A gene, to study monamine involvement in the architecture of the SON and of the NH. SON astrocytes in Tg8 mice displayed an active status, characterized by an increase in S100\u03b2 expression and a significant decrease in vimentin expression, with no modification in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels. Astrocytes showed a decrease in glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) levels, whereas glutamine synthetase (GS) levels remained constant, suggesting a reduction in astrocyte glutamate catabolism. Tenascin C and polysialic acid\u2010neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA\u2010NCAM) expressions were also elevated in the SON of Tg8 mice, suggesting an increased capacity for structural remodelling in the SON. In the NH, similar date were obtained with a stability in GFAP expression and an increase in PSA\u2010NCAM immunostaining. These results establish monoamine (serotonin and noradrenaline) involvement in SON and NH structural arrangement. Monoamines therefore appear to be crucial for the coordination of the neurochemical and structural aspects of neuroendocrine plasticity, allowing the hypothalamo\u2013neurohypopyseal system to respond appropriately when stimulated. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,29]],"date-time":"2011-07-29T20:26:56Z","timestamp":1311971216000},"page":"1711-1722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Architecture of the hypothalamo\u2013posthypophyseal complex is controlled by 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