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Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed at 2 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice. This study showed that mitochondrial fission protein dynamin\u2010related protein 1 (Drp1) and fusion protein optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) were both upregulated in the ischemic penumbra, with the peak at 2 days after tMCAO, whereas phosphorylated\u2010Drp1 (P\u2010Drp1) progressively increased with a peak at 14 days after tMCAO. Double\u2010immunofluorescence analysis showed many Drp1\/cytochrome c oxidase subunit l (COX1) double\u2010positive cells and Opa1\/COX1 double\u2010positive cells in the ischemic penumbra and also showed some double\u2010positive cells with Drp1\/terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase\u2010mediated dUTP\u2010digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Opa1\/TUNEL in the ischemic penumbra. In contrast, both Drp1 and Opa1 showed progressive decreases until 2 days after tMCAO in the ischemic core because of necrotic brain damage. The present study suggests that there was a continuous mitochondrial fission and fusion during these periods in the ischemic penumbra after tMCAO, probably in an effort toward mitophagy and cellular survival. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Peridicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]],"date-time":"2012-02-16T11:51:03Z","timestamp":1329393063000},"page":"1183-1189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Dynamic changes of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins after transient cerebral ischemia in 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